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Start date: 2024

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    Towards an Inclusive Digital Literacy Framework
    (IFLA, 2025) Mwaurah, Naomy
    Inclusive digital literacy is essential for effective navigation of a digitized society, extending beyond technical skills to encompass critical thinking, information management, and ethical digital citizenship. Its definitions have evolved from instrumental views to nuanced approaches that acknowledge the interplay between technology, society, and education. The transition into the digital age, accelerated by Industry 4.0 and the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights digital literacy as a primary means of employment and a necessary 21st-century skill. Despite digital inclusivity incentives, adapting remains a challenge for those with limited access or skills. Supporting SDGs 4, 5, and 10, developing an inclusive digital literacy framework is paramount, requiring a multi-faceted approach involving policy, instructional design, and resource allocation to bridge disparities. This paper, through a qualitative literature review, addresses barriers to digital inclusion, assesses existing digital literacy models, and proposes inclusive strategies. Key barriers include the socio-economic divide, the digital divide, educational and skills gaps, and psychological and cultural factors. Existing models, such as the G20 Digital Literacy Simplified Model, DigComp, UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Framework, Digital Literacy Framework for Citizens, Maturity Model for Digital Literacies, Framework for Digital Fluency, and DigiLit Framework, each have strengths in defining competencies but limitations in addressing diverse contexts, foundational skills, or practical implementation for marginalized communities. Proposed inclusive strategies emphasize understanding the landscape of digital literacy by identifying target audiences, assessing needs, analyzing barriers, and reviewing existing resources. An inclusive digital literacy framework, designed with UDL principles, culturally relevant, multilingual, and accessible modular curriculum with real-world applications, is vital for bridging the digital divide. It promotes digital empowerment, adaptable learning, cultural relevance, and equitable access. Successful implementation requires multi-stakeholder collaboration and continuous evaluation to ensure all individuals can participate in the digital age, fostering equity and socio-economic development.
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    Examination of the Interaction of Tourism Seasonality, Hospitality Enterprise Size, and Patronage Rate in Visitor Flow Dynamics in Kisumu Region, Kenya
    (ICHRIE, 2025) Nyongesa, Destaings Nyenyi; Amata, Mwalo Mathias; Irungu, Samuel
    Tourism seasonality has significantly impacted hospitality enterprises' financial stability and operational efficiency. However, its interaction with enterprise size and patronage rate remains underexplored, particularly in urban destinations such as Kisumu Region, Kenya. This study examines how tourism seasonality, hospitality enterprise size, and patronage rate influence visitor flow dynamics. A mixed-methods research design was adopted; the study integrated quantitative analysis of visitor numbers with qualitative insights from key industry stakeholders. Results indicate that seasonality significantly affects visitor numbers, with larger enterprises exhibiting more pronounced seasonal fluctuations than smaller ones. However, patronage rates do not significantly moderate these trends, suggesting that customer behavior remains relatively consistent across seasons. The results highlight the need for tailored business strategies based on enterprise size and policy interventions to promote Kisumu as a year-round destination. The study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable tourism management by providing empirical insights that inform business resilience and policy Planning in seasonally affected urban tourism destinations.
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    Suitability of the current Kenyan LIS curriculum for the digital ag
    (KLISC Journal of Information Science and Knowledge management, 2025) Mwaurah, Naomy; Gathama, Purity; Namande, Ben Wekalao
    Over the years, the Library and Information Science (LIS) profession has continued to evolve both in theory and practice. Now, the “custodian librarian” has grown into a “knowledge manager” and a “digital librarian.” Therefore, there has been an increasing need to revamp the LIS curriculum to respond to the changing roles of the LIS professions. This study aimed to assess the suitability of the current Kenyan LIS curriculum for the digital age. In carrying out the investigation, a descriptive survey design was used. The study sample population included 7 heads of LIS departments from 7 of the oldest universities offering LIS degrees and 58 university librarians. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Varying responses were given by respondents concerning satisfaction with the current LIS curriculum, its alignment with emerging technologies in the LIS field, and how prepared the LIS graduates were for the roles of librarianship. The responses revealed a skill mismatch, and therefore respondents suggested the inclusion of more ICT-related courses in the LIS curriculum. It was further reported that the LIS curriculum does not sufficiently address current job market requirements. Curriculum review and changing the learning objectives to take into account new emerging trends that translate into best practices are paramount. The study therefore recommended collaborative reviewing of the LIS curriculum, standardization, and harmonizing the LIS curriculum across institutions to ensure students graduate with similar competencies. This, therefore, calls for LIS educators to assess the LIS curriculum to ensure it is aligned to current market needs.
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    Information Technology Trends, Challenges and Opportunities in Libraries
    (2024) Mwaurah, Naomy; Nyambura, Gathama; Namande, Ben
    Information technology has transformed library operations, allowing for the digitization of collections, the adoption of advanced cataloging systems, and the provision of virtual services. Librarians must understand emerging ICT trends in library and information services such as QR code, Web 2.0 and 3.0-based services, EM and RFID implementation. This will help librarians meet the needs of their users in this era characterized by the digital revolution and information flood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the IT trends and the challenges and opportunities they bring to the libraries. The study was a literature review guided by the following objectives: to examine the information technology trends in libraries, to identify the opportunities of IT trends in libraries, and to discuss the challenges of IT trends in libraries. The findings of the study were that ICT developments bring inherent problems. Libraries are dealing with digital equity concerns, ensuring that marginalized people have equal access to technical resources and materials. Cybersecurity worries loom big as libraries protect sensitive patron data and intellectual property from cyber-attacks and privacy violations. Furthermore, the rapid rate of technological progress requires continuous staff training and professional growth to effectively manage the complexity of new IT infrastructures. Amidst these challenges lie abundant opportunities for innovation and growth. The study informs and empowers libraries to leverage technology effectively to provide access to information, promote literacy, and foster lifelong learning in an increasingly digital world.
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    Embedding Lifelong Learning in HospitalityTVET: The Boma International Hospitality College (Kenya) Model for Sustainable Careers in Africa
    (ICHRIE, 2026) Nyongesa, Destaings Nyenyi; Irungu, Samuel; Omusebe, Jocelyn; Tunoi; Enoch
    The hospitality and tourism sector in Africa drives significant employment and growth, yet many workers enter the industry through informal pathways that limit career mobility. Embedding lifelong learning within Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is therefore essential for reskilling, upskilling, and formally recognizing experiential learning. This study uses Boma International Hospitality College (BIHC) in Kenya as a case study to examine institutional models that support lifelong learning in hospitality TVET. A review of global, regional, and national literature was combined with an institutional analysis of BIHC’s training ecosystem, including international qualifications, micro-credentials, Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), and the integration of research and innovation through PATHRI. Findings show that BIHC provides flexible, modular, and industry-aligned pathways that validate informal skills and support targeted professional development. The study concludes that BIHC offers a scalable model for Africa and recommends mainstreaming RPL, accrediting micro-credentials, and strengthening industry partnerships and innovation-driven curricula.
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    Digital Infrastructure for Tourism and Hospitality Competitiveness in Africa
    (African Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2024) Nyongesa, Destaings Nyenyi; Irungu, Samuel Kimungu; Auma, Joan Salome
    Tourism and hospitality are among the growing sectors in Africa, contributing significantly to economies. However, the continent’s competitiveness in the global tourism market increasingly depends on its capacity to adopt and leverage digital infrastructure. This study examines the nexus between digital infrastructure and tourism competitiveness in 25 African countries for the period 2000-2023, using advanced panel econometric techniques. The tests confirmed a long-run equilibrium relationship between digital infrastructure and tourism performance. The Long-run parameters estimated through Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares reveal a statistically significant positive effect of digital infrastructure on tourism competitiveness. Dynamic adjustments captured through a Pooled Mean Group estimator in a panel ARDL framework show that the speed of adjustment towards equilibrium is relatively fast, indicating that shocks to digital infrastructure have quick impacts on tourism outcomes. These findings underscore the strategic importance of digital transformation for Africa’s productive transformation agenda and provide evidence-based guidance for policymakers seeking to accelerate digital adoption in the tourism sector.
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    Accuracy of references in the Kenya Eye Health Journal Volume 1 Number 1
    (Kenya Eye Health Journal, 2025) Nyambura, Gathama; Mwaurah, Naomy; Miriti, Anderson; Mwangi, Nyawira
    Background: Accurate referencing is essential in academic and research publications, ensuring objectivity, rigor, and credibility. Such referencing provides context, builds on existing work, strengthens the reliability of articles, and guides readers to relevant sources. Errors in referencing pose a challenge in information retrieval and reduce access to information. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of references in articles published in Issue 1 of the Kenya Eye Health Journal (KEHJ). Methods: References from articles published in KEHJ Issue 1 were extracted and analyzed for accuracy of bibliographic elements such as author, title, publisher, place of publication, year of publication, volume, issue, and page number, along with adherence to the Vancouver referencing format. Descriptive analysis was used to quantify the frequency and distribution of errors. Result: All the 89 references from 7 articles were analyzed. Journal articles 69(78%) were the most frequently referenced. Two of the seven articles contributing 25/89 (28%) references did not use the Vancouver referencing style. Among the 50 (56%) references that followed the recommended referencing style, 15(30%) were incorrectly formatted. The most common errors were author list (26%), omissions of DOI (45%), and errors in year of publication (15%). Conclusion: The findings revealed gaps in adherence to journal author guidelines and errors in referencing accuracy. These inaccuracies highlight the need for training among authors, peer reviewers, and editorial teams to improve referencing consistency. Implementing strict verification measures and providing clear referencing support such as engaging information scientist and embedded video tutorials can help mitigate these errors.
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    Factors Influencing the Penetration of Circularity within the Tourism Economy of Western Kisumu - Kenya: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling.
    (Journal of Tourism Quartely, 2026) Amata, Mwalo Mathias; Nyongesa, Destaings Nyenyi
    In Africa, tourism destinations face sustainability challenges as tourist arrivals adversely affect their ecological integrity. Although circularity offers numerous opportunities, including enhanced resource efficiency and reduced waste, its adoption is still limited. This study examines factors influencing the adoption of circular practices in the tourism economy of Western Kenya, using a survey of 232 hospitality facilities and PLS SEM analysis. The results reveal, inter alia, a negative relationship between high tourist activity and circularity penetration, awareness of environmental policies boosts circularity, and a positive effect of employee training on industrial integration of circularity. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions such as policy awareness, staff training, and infrastructure investment to promote circularity in the Kisumu tourism sector. The research provides empirical evidence from rural local enterprises in Kisumu, extending the understanding of circular principles' applications in the rural tourism economy.